Many new mothers experience postpartum ‘baby blues’, which is a mild form of depression that typically presents as mood swings, increased tearfulness, anxiety, and sleep disturbances. These symptoms usually begin within the first few days after giving birth and usually last up to two weeks.
However, some new mothers experience an intense, persistent form of depression called postpartum depression (PPD). This type of depression affects approximately 14% of women and can cause feelings of sadness, anxiety, exhaustion, and hopelessness. These symptoms can interfere with a woman’s ability to care for herself and her baby, and can last for several weeks or months if left untreated.
What Is Postpartum Substance Abuse?
A hallmark of postpartum depression is the belief of being an inadequate parent, leading to overwhelming self-doubt, guilt, and shame. These negative emotions can spiral into deeper depression and one may not know how to cope with it. This can lead to drinking or taking drugs as an attempt to feel better, a negative coping skill that can ultimately add more guilt, exacerbating postpartum depression symptoms.
Postpartum substance abuse is a serious and growing problem for new mothers. Research shows that approximately 14.9 percent of postpartum women engage in binge drinking and 8.5 percent use illicit drugs. The impacts of such behavior can be devastating, both physically and emotionally.
However, with increased public awareness and understanding of this issue, it is possible to help those affected by providing them with coping strategies and support so that they can lead healthier lives for themselves and their families.
Risks of PPD Substance Abuse
Substance abuse during the postpartum period poses a variety of risks for new mothers, including an increased risk for accidents or injuries caused by intoxication, as well as severe depression or even suicide if left untreated. The potential physical effects can also create further complications, such as physical dependence on substances or long-term health issues related to chronic substance use. For these reasons, addressing postpartum substance abuse is crucial to ensure that both mothers and their babies are safe and healthy.
Overall, while postpartum substance abuse may seem like an insurmountable challenge for many new mothers trying to adjust to life after giving birth, there are numerous methods that can be used by those affected – from professional treatment options to self-care routines – which will allow them to effectively confront this issue head-on and safely move towards a better future.
Recognizing The Signs
Many mothers don’t recognize the signs of PPD and perhaps even substance abuse. Therefore, it’s crucial that family members understand the signs of both, so they are better equipped to recognize when assistance is needed. Commonly observed symptoms include:
- Changes in mood and behavior, such as deep depression
- Lack of interest in activities that were once enjoyable
- Neglecting personal hygiene
- Isolating from friends and family
- Financial problems related to alcohol or drug purchases
- More frequent trips away from home
Additionally, families should be aware of the risks associated with postpartum substance abuse, such as potential health complications for both mothers and their babies due to substance use during pregnancy or breastfeeding.
Postpartum Substance Abuse Risk Factors
There are several different risk factors that can increase a woman’s likelihood of developing postpartum substance abuse. Some of these risk factors include:
- A history of depression or anxiety
- A past or current substance abuse disorder
- Stressful life events, including relationship difficulties or major changes in life circumstances
- A lack of social support
- Access to drugs or alcohol
These risk factors may not be directly linked to postpartum substance abuse, but can increase the likelihood of it occurring. It is also important to recognize that all women are at risk for developing postpartum substance abuse and should be aware of the signs and symptoms.
Postpartum Substance Abuse Prevention Strategies
There are several strategies that can be used to prevent postpartum substance abuse. These strategies include:
- Creating a support network of family and friends who can provide emotional and practical assistance during this time
- Limiting access to drugs or alcohol where possible
- Practicing healthy lifestyle behaviors such as regular physical activity and getting enough sleep
- Developing a strong relationship with your healthcare provider
- Seeking out professional counseling if needed, such as therapy or substance abuse treatment
- Developing coping strategies to manage stress in healthy ways
- Taking steps to ensure your safety and the safety of your baby
- Planning ahead for postpartum care – from identifying sleeping arrangements, to enlisting family and friends as extra pairs of hands around the house
These strategies can help to reduce the risk of postpartum substance abuse, as well as provide additional support during this time of transition.
Intervention and Treatment Solutions
Substance abuse can complicate the treatment of postpartum depression as it requires addressing multiple disorders. Women who struggle with both postpartum depression and substance use may be hesitant to seek treatment and may not be willing to share their struggles with their healthcare provider. The fear of being reported for child endangerment, especially if substance use occurred during pregnancy, can further discourage them from seeking help.
However, despite fear, admitting to others that you are struggling with depression or substance abuse is often a necessary step in the journey towards recovery. By reaching out to friends, family, or a mental health professional, you can receive support, guidance, and treatment options that can help you manage your symptoms and overcome your challenges.
Additionally, talking about your struggles can also help reduce the stigma surrounding mental health and substance abuse, and encourage others to seek help if they are facing similar challenges.
If you or someone you know is struggling with postpartum substance abuse, there are several options available for intervention and treatment. These include:
- Seeking professional help from a healthcare provider, such as your OB/GYN physician, pediatrician, or childbirth educator
- Seeking help from a mental health professional
- Utilizing support services such as 12-Step programs, therapy, counseling, or substance abuse treatment center
- Participating in support groups that provide peer support and guidance
- Seeking out medical interventions, if necessary
Postpartum Support International (PSI)
Postpartum Support International (PSI) is a valuable resource for those affected by pregnancy and postpartum. They provide online support groups, a list of local resources, referrals to providers and professionals with knowledge of perinatal disorders, plus they offer a helpline if you need to talk. To learn more about PSI, visit their website at www.postpartum.net or call their helpline at 1-800-944-4PPD (4773). Please note this is not a crisis hotline and does not handle emergencies; for that please contact 911 or the National Suicide Prevention Hotline at 1-800-273-TALK (8255).
Conclusion
Postpartum substance abuse can have detrimental consequences for mothers, babies, and their families if left unaddressed. Recovery is a gradual process that requires dedication and support. Do not hesitate to seek assistance if you or someone you know is affected by this issue. With adequate support and resources, women can successfully overcome postpartum substance abuse and regain their health and well-being.
